This is a how-to for the 2008-2020 (Gen 2) Toyota Sequoia standard rear brakes. This post will go over replacing the rear pads and rotors. Do all work at your own risk.
Step 1: Get the car up & wheels off. Use appropriate jacks & stands, and the lug nuts are 22mm.
Step 2: Locate the rear brakes. As opposed to the front fixed calipers, the rears are floating calipers. Still 345mm rotors, so quite heavy duty.
Step 3: Remove the 12mm bolt that holds the brake line bracket (for more flexibility).
Step 4: Remove the 17mm slider bolts on the caliper.
Bottom 17mm
Step 5: Pull the caliper off and set on top of the suspension
Step 6: Use the pad separator to push the piston back to allow space for the new pads & rotor
Piston compressed back
Step 7: Pull the pads out of the carrier. You may need a pry bar or flat to get them off.
Step 8: Undo the 17mm bolts that hold the caliper bracket onto the suspension.
Bottom 17mm for the bracket
Step 9: Clean up the caliper bracket and remove the old pad retaining clips (your new pads should come with new clips).
Step 10: Install the new clips, and preinstall the pads while giving enough space for the rotor (see next picture). This is way easier than doing it while it’s on the car.
Step 11: Get the rotor off the car. You can skip steps 11-14 if only replacing the pads. Here, I use a screw to force the rotor off the hub.
Step 12: Clean up the hub face.
Step 13: Antiseize on the hub face.
Step 14: Mount the new rotor on the car.
Step 15: Slide the caliper bracket over the rotor, making sure there is enough space created by the pads. Push the pads against the rotor, and reinstall the 17mm bolts.
Step 16: Reinstall the caliper over the pads. Make sure the rubber boots are aligned properly under the bracket. A small tool may help to ensure this.
Step 17: Add lubricant to the slider bolts before reinstalling. Tighten them back on the caliper.
Finished! Remember the pump the pedal a few times to get the pedal firm before driving.
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I think you forgot to replace the caliper pin boots. Toyota manual shows these as non-reusable.